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ഒളാമ്പി ഡിക്കൂഷ് : നവംബര്‍ 3 (നാലു വാക്ക് : ജോര്‍ജ് നടവയല്‍)

Published on 03 November, 2011
ഒളാമ്പി ഡിക്കൂഷ് : നവംബര്‍ 3 (നാലു വാക്ക് : ജോര്‍ജ് നടവയല്‍)

ഒളാമ്പി ഡിക്കൂഷ് : സ്ത്രീ വിമോചന തത്വചിന്തക 1793 നവംബര്‍ 3 ന് അന്നത്തെ ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഭരണകൂടം ഒളാമ്പി ഡിക്കൂഷിനെ ക്രൂരമായി ഗളച്ഛേദം ചെയ്തു.

സ്‌ത്രൈണനൈര്‍മ്മല്യം:
പൂരുഷധര്‍മ്മം;
പൂരകങ്ങളവരിലൊന്നില്ലേലില്ല-
മറ്റൊന്നും.

Olympe de Gouges ( 7 May 1748 – 3 November 1793), born Marie Gouze, was a French playwright and political activist whose feminist and abolitionist writings reached a large audience.

She began her career as a playwright in the early 1780s. As political tension rose in France, de Gouges became increasingly politically involved. She became an outspoken advocate for improving the condition of slaves in the colonies as of 1788. At the same time, she began writing political pamphlets. Today she is perhaps best known as an early feminist who demanded that French women be given the same rights as French men. In her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791), she challenged the practice of male authority and the notion of male-female inequality. She was executed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror for attacking the regime of Maximilien Robespierre and for her close relation with the Girondists.

Olympe de Gouges  wrote her famous Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen shortly after the French constitution of 1791 was created in the same year. She was alarmed that the constitution, which was to promote equal suffrage, did not address—nor even consider—women’s suffrage. The Constitution gave that right only to men. It also did not address key issues such as legal equality in marriage, the right of a woman to divorce her spouse if he abused her, or a woman’s right to property and custody of the children. So she created a document that was to be, in her opinion, the missing part of the Constitution of 1791, in which women would be given the equal rights they deserve. Throughout the document, it is apparent to the reader that Gouges had been influenced by the philosophy of the Enlightenment, whose thinkers, using “scientific reasoning”, critically examined and criticized the traditional morals and institutions of the day.

She wrote the pamphlet "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen" (1791) and the anti-slavery play "The Slavery of the Blacks" (1792). She championed family life and lobbied for constitutionally guaranteed women's rights - equality in society, politics, economics, marriage, and sexuality. Regarding marriage, she wrote in "Les Droits de la Femme et de la Citoyenne" (1791). She argued that marriage should be a consensual and loving 'social contract' between a man and a woman.
In 1791, just weeks after the death of Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de Mirabeau, she wrote the comedy "Mirabeau in the Elysian Fields" based on his speeches and writings. By combining various texts and modifying them in slight ways, Gouges created a work which paid homage to a man regarded at the time as a national hero.

Olympe de Gouges was one of the founding voices of the French Revolution who argued for the rights of women and slaves and was executed for her ideas. Born in 1745 to working class parents, de Gouges began her career as a playwright in Paris. Early on she embraced the idea that men and women should be treated equally under the law. In 1791 she began publishing the works that would make her famous, Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen and Social Contract, both of which were feminist responses to popular texts of the day. She wrote in support of the Revolution, though she did not support the execution of King Louis XVI. She was also a vocal opponent of the Reign of Terror and Robespierre. These sentiments earned her the death penalty in November 1793, when she was guillotined. She is remembered now as a hero of the Revolution. More information:
http://www.quercy.net/hommes/ogenglish.html
ഒളാമ്പി ഡിക്കൂഷ് : നവംബര്‍ 3 (നാലു വാക്ക് : ജോര്‍ജ് നടവയല്‍)
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