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From Sister to Mother to Saint: The journey of Mother Teresa (Mother Teresa's canonization is on Sep 4)

Vikas Datta Published on 31 August, 2016
From Sister to Mother to Saint: The journey of Mother Teresa (Mother Teresa's canonization is on Sep 4)
Known to many generations of Indians as a diminutive but determined woman in a blue-bordered white sari who cared for the poor and destitute, Mother Teresa, who is due to become the Roman Catholic Church's latest saint, also holds pride of place among the emissaries of compassion and service who have flourished and spread out from India, even if born elsewhere.

"By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus," once said the Mother, who came to India in 1929 after deciding on a religious life the previous year and stayed the rest of her 87-year-long life mostly in Calcutta/Kolkata where she founded the Missionaries of Charity in 1948.

Starting small with one of its earliest ventures -- a home for the dying -- coming up in an abandoned Kali temple, it is now active in 133 countries, running homes for HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis patients, soup kitchens, dispensaries and mobile clinics, orphanages, schools and counselling centres.

And her contribution to alleviating suffering and pain has made her name famous throughout the world -- though, despite many legions of admirers, there is also a cohort or two of critics and detractors.

Born on August 26, 1910, in Skopje town (capital of the independent country of Macedonia now but then part of the Ottoman Empire -- and then under Serb, Bulgarian and then Yugoslav rule during her early life) as Anjeze (or Agnes, more commonly) Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, she was always religiously inclined.

According to a 1988 biography ("Mother Teresa" by Joan Graff Clucas), she was fascinated by stories of missionaries serving in Bengal and, even before her teenage years, decided on a religious life. She left home in 1928 to join the Sisters of Loreto in Ireland to learn English, with a view to becoming a missionary, and never saw her mother or her sister again (her father had died in 1919).

In India, she was initially based in a convent in Darjeeling where she learnt Bengali and taught at the nearby St. Teresa's School. As a nun, she chose to be named after Therese de Lisieux, the patron saint of missionaries, but because another nun there had already chosen that name, she opted for the Spanish spelling of Teresa.

Taking her solemn vows in May 1937 while a teacher (and subsequently headmistress) at the Loreto Convent in Calcutta's Entally, she enjoyed teaching but was greatly concerned at the poverty and pain around, especially after the 1943 famine and the 1946 communal riots. It was in September 1946 that she experienced what she later termed "the call within the call" on a train from Calcutta to Darjeeling, urging that she "leave the convent and help the poor while living among them" (as recounted to Clucas).

Replacing the nun's habit for the sari, she began missionary work with the poor in Calcutta in 1948 after taking Indian citizenship and spending a few months in Patna for basic medical training. Initially, she started a school but soon started taking care of the destitute, and was, in 1949, joined by a group of young women, which later became the Missionaries (Vatican approval was accorded in October 1950).

Though it faced initial problems, the organisation soon went from strength to strength -- with her contribution recognised by both India (she was conferred the Padma Shri in 1962 and the Bharat Ratna in 1980) and the world (especially after British journalist Malcolm Muggeridge's 1969 documentary "Something Beautiful for God") with the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1962, the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and many others.

And it was not only in India that she was active -- she personally rescued three dozen children from a Beirut hospital in 1982 after arranging a temporary cease-fire between the Israeli army and Palestinian guerrillas, tended to starvation victims in Ethiopia, radiation-afflicted at Chernobyl, and earthquake victims in Armenia.

However, her health slowly started failing from 1983 when she had her first heart attack and when further complications arose in 1991, she offered to step down but her offer was declined. She finally demitted office in March 1997 after a spate of other injuries and illnesses and died on September 5 the same year.

The same year the process to canonisation started with the beatification process, the third and penultimate step before being declared a saint, and requiring a miracle to be attributed to her. Normally, the first step itself begins five years after the person's death, but in her case, the waiting period was waived by then Pope, John Paul II. In 2002, she was 'beatified', becoming 'Blessed Teresa' after the Vatican recognised a miracle attributed to her - a locket containing her picture curing the tumour of an Indian woman. The second miracle - needed to become a saint - was recognised in December 2015. 

But it was not praise always for her -- she had her detractors, specially polemic essayist Christopher Hitchens, who also testified during her beatification process, right-wing Hindu outfits, and more recently, Indian-origin British author and "militant atheist" Aroup Chatterjee, who have criticised her methods, motives and management, as well as adherence to church dogma on issues like abortion, divorce and contraception.

Knew Mother Teresa would be sainted, says biographer Navin Chawla

New Delhi, Aug 30 

Former Chief Election Commissioner Navin Chawla, who had written a biography of Mother Teresa soon after she was conferred the Noble Peace Prize and the Bharat Ratna, on Tuesday said that he had anticipated the nun‘s canonization long back as the sacrifices she made for the poor were exemplary.

"In my hearts of hearts, I knew this (her canonization) would come in some day. She was only 18 when she was convinced that her life's vocation lay in her becoming a missionary in far off India," Chawla told media at a press conference at the Catholic Bishop's Conference of India (CBCI) headquarters here.

"Confronted with disease, destitution and death all around her at a time, there was hardly any health care service to speak of, she sacrificed her life for the poor people. I was moved when I had met her for the first time," he said.

Albanian by birth, Mother Teresa had come to India in 1929 as a noviate nun and lived here subsequently. Devoting her life to the care of the sick and poor, she was conferred the Noble Prize in 1979 and Bharat Ratna in 1980. It was then Chawla had written his biography.

Archibishop of Delhi Anil Couto explained the whole process of beatification and canonisation that begin five years post the death of the holy man or woman. However in case of Mother Teresa, it began soon after her death in September 1997 as the then Pope, John Paul II, waived the waiting period, 

"The waiting period ensures that the person has an enduring reputation for sanctity among the faithful. Once a cause has begun, the individual is called a servant of God. The public and private writings must be collected. Once the heroic virtues have been recognised by the Pope, the candidate to sainthood is called venerable," he said.

The next is step towards beatification. For the declaration of a person as Blessed, there has to be the approval of a miracle," he said adding: "After that the church looks for a second miracle. Canonidation is then possible.

During the press conference, CBCI Secretary General Theodore Mascarenhas said that canonisation of Mother Teresa would be an important event for India and he was grateful to the government for the support to the upcoming ceremony.

"We thank the government for its support. It would be an important day for the world, especially for Indians as the Mother came here from Albania and put the gospel values and Indian values together to reach out to millions of brethren in the peripheries and beyond boundaries of caste, creed and religion," he said.

"She didn't seek to convert you. She sought to make you better. We in India became richer because of her poverty, greater because of her humility, blessed because of her compassion. She lived among us and gave compassion and mercy to those who needed it," he added.

Mother Teresa's appeal is universal: CBCI chief


Thiruvananthapuram, Aug 31 (IANS) Mother Teresa's appeal is universal -- cutting across caste, creed and religious barriers, every individual can seek inspiration from her life, work and sacrifice, the head of the Catholic Bishop's Conference of India (CBCI) has said.

"Her appeal is universal. Her life is a role model worth emulating, cutting across caste, creed or religion. Her sympathy and empathy for the poorest of the poor is what made her great and on September 4, her name and fame will reach greater heights," Cardinal Moran Mar Baselios Cleemis Catholicos, 57, popularly called Old Cleemis, said.

In a chat with IANS, just before his departure to the Vatican to take part in the canonisation rituals, Old Cleemis, who is the head of the Syro Malankara Catholic Church here, said he was delighted to be a part of the celebrations. 

"Definitely, it's a moment of personal joy that I am taking part in the canonisation of the Mother, whom I have met," he added. 

Cleemis was part of the celebrations in 2014 when two native saints, Kuriakose Elias Chavara (Chavara Achen) and Sister Euphrasia (Evuprasiamma), were canonised.

He never had the opportunity to meet the two, but he proudly recalled his meeting with Mother Teresa. As a young theology student, he had briefly interacted with the Mother when she came to Kottayam in 1980 for the Golden Jubilee celebrations of the Malankara movement.

"She undoubtedly was the star of the moment and won the hearts of everyone through her gentle behaviour," recalled Cleemis, who himself created a record of sorts by becoming India's youngest cardinal in 2012.

Currently Indian Catholics have three native saints. Besides the two canonnisations in 2014, Sister Alphonsa was the first Indian to be canonised in 2008.

Cleemis also pointed to great the honours that Mother had been conferred with -- the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979, Bharat Ratna in 1980 and now this, the crowning glory, when she will be elevated as a saint.

"The greatness of the Mother is the way she took care of the poor and downtrodden by showing them mercy. The orphans should know that they are not alone as she has laid the path for many to follow and many have already taken up her cause," Cleemis said.


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